Picea mariana (Black spruce)
Black spruce description:
Picea Mariana, also known as Black Spruce, is a slow-growing evergreen tree that belongs to the Pinaceae family. It typically grows to a height of 30-50 feet, with a conical crown and a straight trunk that can reach a diameter of up to 60 cm. The tree has dark green needles that are 1-2 cm long, stiff and sharp, and arranged spirally around the branches. The cones of the Picea Mariana are small, cylindrical, and reddish-brown in color, and measure about 2-4 cm in length.
The Black Spruce is adapted to cold and moist environments and is commonly found in the boreal forests of North America. It grows in a variety of soils, including peat bogs, swamps, and well-drained uplands. The tree has a shallow root system that allows it to grow in harsh, low-nutrient soils and provides stability on wet or sloping terrain.
Picea Mariana plays a crucial role in the forest ecosystem as it provides habitat for various wildlife species, including birds, mammals, and insects. The tree also has cultural significance and has been used by Indigenous peoples for medicinal and ceremonial purposes. Additionally, the Black Spruce is highly valued for its wood, which is used for construction, pulp, and paper production.
Native Range:
Picea mariana has a native range that extends from Minnesota in the West to Maine in the East. It is primarily found in only these Northern Midwest and Northeastern States which includes Illinois as the Southern most state.
Standard Plant Information:
Plant Height: 30-50'
Bloom time: June
Preferred Habitat: Does well in full sun and is most often found in northern swamps and bogs.