When you think of native habitat restoration you might picture rolling hills filled with colorful flowers and grasses. But have you considered the many benefits trees and shrubs bring to your restoration? Woody species add valuable structure, seasonal interest, wildlife habitat, and diversity to your landscape. As we move into midsummer and closer to fall, it’s worth considering adding native woody species to boost diversity and resilience to your restoration projects.
Native woody trees and shrubs add worthwhile benefits to our ecosystems in a variety of ways. Many birds exclusively use woody species as habitats for nesting, covering from predators, and foraging. The extensive root systems of woody species reach far and wide, improving water infiltration and controlling erosion to keep your soil intact. Since woody species are typically perennial, these plants will be more resilient and consistent in your landscape, coming back year after year to provide structure, winter interest, and visual layers to your plantings. By adding woody plants, you diversify your habitat with species that bloom at times when herbaceous species may be in a lull. They can also provide a critical food source for many species of pollinators and other insects earlier or later in the season. Trees and shrubs layer seamlessly with native grasses and flowers for a diversified, functional habitat.
There are many species of native woody plants that will add benefits to your restoration project. Common Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) is blooming now, making it a perfect addition to your restoration. This shrub grows up to 13 feet tall (although the average height is around 9 feet) and features large clusters of small white blooms in July to August, followed by a purplish-black array of berries in late summer, adding a striking aesthetic value to your landscape. The berries are treasured by wildlife and humans alike, so harvesting them is a fight for whoever can get them first. Common Elderberry prefers wet soil and areas prone to flooding. It typically grows along woodland or wetland edges and is found in almost every county of Minnesota. Common Elderberry is now available at our retail centers if you’re ready to add beauty and wildlife value to your landscape.
Native plants have their preferences in soil type, moisture levels, and amount of sunlight they receive. Choosing the right species from the beginning will save you time, money, and effort. Our Presto tool is a great opportunity to help you get it right. Fill out the questionnaire regarding your site and Presto will choose and rank native species based on your site characteristics. Use your completed Presto list to incorporate new plants you wouldn’t have thought of, bringing new life to your restoration.
Add 1 to 3 trees or shrubs to your existing planting. By adding a small amount to begin with, you can see how the plants will behave with one another and give you an idea of their size as they grow and mature, while also letting your mind build on where else you can integrate more species.
Depending on if you’re restoring a prairie, savanna, woodland or other habitat, your placement of new trees and shrubs will vary. For prairies or savannas, plant your new tree or shrub species near edges or along wet areas to mimic natural habitat transitions. You can also use them to anchor a corner of your landscape or use them along driveways for beautification and function. It is worth noting that your new tree or shrub may shade out existing herbaceous species, so being mindful of this will be helpful in your decision.
While your newly planted tree or shrub is establishing, water is an important factor for root growth. Keep your woody plant watered well, using an average of 1” of water a week as a guide. You may also use watering bags or water rings to aid in the maintenance of watering. After the first growing season you can lessen your watering and enjoy the low-maintenance resilience of your new plant in your landscape.
Once you get your trees and shrubs established, you’ll really start to notice the beauty and wildlife they bring to your restoration. It’s pretty amazing to watch birds, pollinators, and other critters enjoying the habitat you’ve created, all while adding structure and seasonal interest to your landscape.
If you’re ready to add some woody species to your project, stop by one of our Prairie Restorations retail stores to check out the variety of local ecotype trees and shrubs we have available. Not sure where to start? We’re happy to help you figure out where trees and shrubs can fit into your restoration goals. And don’t forget, our Presto tool is always there to help you decide which native species will work best for your site!
